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Medical Encyclopedia

Physician-led explanations of medical conditions, biological mechanisms, diagnostics, treatments, healthy ageing and emerging clinical research.

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Red and Near-Infrared Light in Cancer Treatment: Effects, Scientific Evidence, and Safety of Photobiomodulation

Medical Topic

Red and Near-Infrared Light in Cancer Treatment: Effects, Scientific Evidence, and Safety of Photobiomodulation

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a supportive option for side effects of cancer treatment, particularly for oral mucositis. 2026 meta-analyses, safety, red/NIR light, lymphedema, radiodermatitis, and difference from PDT.

CAR-T Cell Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases: Is It Possible to ‘Reset’ the Immune System?

Medical Topic

CAR-T Cell Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases: Is It Possible to ‘Reset’ the Immune System?

CD19 CAR-T is now being investigated not only in hematologic cancers, but also in autoimmune diseases such as lupus, myositis, systemic sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and stiff person syndrome. We explain the evidence and risks.

Does Nicotine Improve Focus? Nootropic and Longevity Claims, Addiction, and Real Clinical Use

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Does Nicotine Improve Focus? Nootropic and Longevity Claims, Addiction, and Real Clinical Use

Nicotine may show short-term effects on attention; however, this does not make it a safe nootropic or longevity supplement. We distinguish cognition, the cardiovascular system, addiction, and nicotine replacement therapy.

How Accurate Are Smartwatches? How Should We Interpret Calorie, Heart Rate, Step, and Health Data?

Medical Topic

How Accurate Are Smartwatches? How Should We Interpret Calorie, Heart Rate, Step, and Health Data?

The accuracy of calorie, heart rate, and step measurements in wearable devices such as Apple Watch, Garmin, Fitbit, and Samsung is not the same. Which data should we interpret as a trend, and which as a clinical measurement?

Can Spending Time with Grandchildren Keep the Brain Young? Social Connection, Cognition, and Healthy Aging

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Can Spending Time with Grandchildren Keep the Brain Young? Social Connection, Cognition, and Healthy Aging

We evaluate the relationship between grandchild care and cognitive health through 2026 ELSA data and longitudinal studies. Social connection may be beneficial; however, causality and caregiver burden are important.

What to Eat for Sleep? Nutrition, Kiwi, Tart Cherry, and the Effect of Evening Meals on Sleep

Medical Topic

What to Eat for Sleep? Nutrition, Kiwi, Tart Cherry, and the Effect of Evening Meals on Sleep

Can nutrition affect sleep quality? We evaluate kiwi, tart cherry, the Mediterranean diet, tryptophan, caffeine, alcohol, and evening meal timing using current human studies.

A Novel Psychedelic-Like Approach for Apathy in Parkinson’s: What is AB-300?

Medical Topic

A Novel Psychedelic-Like Approach for Apathy in Parkinson’s: What is AB-300?

Ariadne Bio’s non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A partial agonist named AB-300 targets apathy in Parkinson’s disease. Examine the mechanism, preclinical data, Phase 1b plan, and why it cannot yet be considered an efficacy result.

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A System Making Decisions in Place of the Physician, or a Human-in-the-Loop Model?

Medical Topic

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A System Making Decisions in Place of the Physician, or a Human-in-the-Loop Model?

Delays reported in Medicare’s WISeR artificial intelligence-supported prior-authorization pilot demonstrate why human-in-the-loop design is critical in clinical AI. How should technology, physician decision-making, and accountability be balanced?

Seeing the Intestinal Barrier at 20 Nanometers: STED Microscopy and IBD Research

Medical Topic

Seeing the Intestinal Barrier at 20 Nanometers: STED Microscopy and IBD Research

The Rosalind Franklin Institute’s STED microscope named Curie will examine tight junctions and cell-cell junctions in the intestinal epithelium at approximately 20 nm resolution. What could this technology change in Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis?

If Vitamin D Is Normal, Is More Better? Supplements and Cognitive Aging

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If Vitamin D Is Normal, Is More Better? Supplements and Cognitive Aging

Does unnecessary supplementation protect cognition in older adults with normal vitamin D levels? Examine the 6-year cohort of 5,065 individuals through the limits of causality, the dosing issue, and a targeted supplementation approach.

Muscle Loss While Using GLP-1: Not Every Weight Loss on the Scale Is the Same

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Muscle Loss While Using GLP-1: Not Every Weight Loss on the Scale Is the Same

In GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 therapies, how much of weight loss is fat, and how much is lean mass? Evaluate super responder, rapid weight loss, SEMALEAN data, protein, resistance exercise, and muscle strength monitoring with the level of evidence.

Omega-3 indeksi ve sağlıklı yaşlanma; EPA, DHA, kardiyometabolik risk ve hücre zarı biyobelirteci – yatay kapak

Medical Topic

Omega-3 Index and Healthy Aging: EPA, DHA, and Cardiometabolic Risk

Omega-3 index, EPA, and DHA: learn the clinical significance of this biomarker in the context of nutrition, triglycerides, cardiometabolic risk, and healthy aging.

Kreatin ve sağlıklı yaşlanma; kas gücü, sarkopeni, beyin enerjisi ve fiziksel performans desteği – yatay kapak

Medical Topic

Creatine and Healthy Aging: Muscle Strength, Brain, and Longevity

Creatine and healthy aging: learn its relationship with resistance exercise, muscle strength, sarcopenia, and cognitive energy metabolism within the framework of evidence and safety.

Organ yaşı değerlendirmesi; kalp, beyin, kas ve metabolik sistemlerin sağlıklı yaşlanma profili – yatay kapak

Medical Topic

Organ Age: Do Heart, Brain, Muscle, and Metabolic Aging Occur at the Same Rate?

Organ age: Learn that the heart, brain, muscle, and metabolic systems can age at different rates, and the role of organ-based risk assessment in a longevity plan.

Wearable teknolojiler ve dijital biyobelirteçler; HRV, uyku, aktivite ve toparlanma verilerinin longevity takibi – yatay kapak

Medical Topic

Wearable Technologies and Digital Biomarkers: HRV, Sleep, and Activity

Wearable technologies and digital biomarkers: Learn about the role of HRV, sleep, resting heart rate, activity, and recovery data in longevity tracking.

Mitokondri sağlığı ve longevity; hücresel enerji üretimi, metabolik esneklik ve sağlıklı yaşlanma – yatay kapak

Medical Topic

Mitochondrial Health and Aging: Energy Metabolism and Longevity

Mitochondrial health and longevity: learn about the role of energy metabolism, VO₂max, muscle performance, sleep, and metabolic flexibility in healthy aging.

Inflammaging ve sağlıklı yaşlanma; kronik düşük düzeyli inflamasyon ve metabolik sağlık ilişkisi – yatay kapak

Medical Topic

Inflammaging: Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Healthy Aging

What is inflammaging? Examine the relationship of chronic low-grade inflammation with visceral fat, sleep, metabolic health, and healthy aging within a clinical framework.

Visseral yağ ve sağlıklı yaşlanma; bel çevresi, karın içi yağlanma ve metabolik risk – yatay arşiv kapağı

Medical Topic

Visceral Fat and Healthy Aging: Waist Circumference, Metabolic Risk, and Longevity

Visceral fat, waist circumference, and metabolic risk: learn about the relationship of intra-abdominal fat with insulin resistance, fatty liver, and healthy aging.

ApoB ve Lp(a) kardiyovasküler risk değerlendirmesi – yatay arşiv kapağı

Medical Topic

ApoB and Lp(a): Cardiovascular Longevity and Risk Assessment

ApoB and Lp(a): learn the clinical significance of these two biomarkers in the assessment of atherogenic particle burden, genetic cardiovascular risk, and longevity.

CGM ve metabolik esneklik; sürekli glukoz takibi ve sağlıklı yaş alma – yatay arşiv kapağı

Medical Topic

CGM and Metabolic Flexibility: Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Healthy Aging

CGM and metabolic flexibility: learn about the personalized use of continuous glucose monitoring in meal responses, sleep, exercise, and metabolic risk assessment.

Endolifting Safety and Complications

Medical Topic

Endolifting Safety and Complications

Expected effects after endolifting, potential complications, high-risk anatomical regions, and fundamental principles for safe application.

Are Endolifting and Laser Lipolysis the Same Thing?

Medical Topic

Are Endolifting and Laser Lipolysis the Same Thing?

Differences between Endolifting and laser-assisted lipolysis: purpose, anatomical plane, fat reduction, tissue tightening, and combined liposuction applications.

1470 nm and 980 nm Diode Lasers: Differences in Endolifting and Laser Lipolysis

Medical Topic

1470 nm and 980 nm Diode Lasers: Differences in Endolifting and Laser Lipolysis

Tissue interaction, water and adipose tissue absorption of 1470 nm and 980 nm diode lasers, and usage differences in Endolifting and laser lipolysis.

Endolifting Research: 2024–2026 Evidence Map

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Endolifting Research: 2024–2026 Evidence Map

A scientific guide comparing 2024–2026 human studies on endolifting and 1470 nm subdermal laser applications at the level of systematic reviews, scoping reviews, clinical series, and randomized trials.