What do stem cell and stromal cell mean?
Hematopoietic stem cells are precursors of blood and immune cells and have established clinical uses in the field of hematology. Mesenchymal stromal cells, on the other hand, are cell populations that can be obtained from sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, and certain perinatal tissues, and are investigated for tissue microenvironment and cellular signaling. The mode of clinical use depends on the cell source, the degree of processing, the licensing/authorization status of the product, and the indication.
The difference between autologous and allogeneic
An autologous product is obtained from the individual’s own tissue or cell. An allogeneic product refers to cells or tissue obtained from another donor. This distinction is important in terms of safety, immunological evaluation, manufacturing standards, and regulations.
From which tissues can cells be obtained?
In the scientific and clinical literature, bone marrow, adipose tissue, peripheral/umbilical blood, and certain perinatal tissues are featured as sources of different cellular products. However, the presence of a source in the literature does not mean that it can be applied in every clinic or for every disease.
Are PRP, SVF, and stem cells the same?
No. PRP is platelet-rich plasma and is not a stem cell product. SVF is a heterogeneous stromal and cellular mixture obtained from adipose tissue; it may contain different cell subpopulations within it, but it is not equivalent to a pure mesenchymal stromal cell product expanded in culture. Mechanical micrografts should also not be defined as “stem cells” on their own.
What is being researched in the musculoskeletal system?
Knee osteoarthritis, cartilage damage, and certain tendon/soft tissue problems are among the areas where cellular therapies are most intensively researched. In randomized studies and systematic reviews, positive results have been reported in some patient groups in terms of pain and function. In contrast, cell source, dose, preparation method, and patient selection vary among studies; therefore, generalizations such as “definitely regenerates cartilage” or “prevents surgery” are not scientifically accurate.
Why is the regulatory framework important in Turkey?
Products derived from tissues and cells may fall into different regulatory classes based on the degree of processing, intended use, homologous or non-homologous use, and the nature of the product. In Turkey, the preparation and human administration of cellular products are subject to authorized center, product, and indication conditions. Therefore, the mere biological feasibility of a product does not mean that it is suitable for clinical use.
Which procedures does this page indicate are available in our clinic?
This page has been prepared to explain the field of cellular therapy scientifically; it does not mean that every cell source or product type mentioned here is administered in our clinic. Applicable methods are evaluated individually according to current licensing, center authorization, product characteristics, indication, and the clinical condition of the patient.
Our approach in our Bodrum clinic
We do not use the term “stem cell” as a general marketing term. First, we clarify exactly what the product to be applied is, from which tissue it is obtained, how much it is processed, and for which indication it is being evaluated. Afterwards, we explain the options to the patient along with scientific evidence, safety, and current regulatory conditions.
Related pages
Related cell therapies
Cell Therapies main showcase · PRP Treatment · Differences Between PRP, SVF, and Stem Cells · Application Areas
References
- Regulation on Products Derived from Human Tissues and Cells and Centers Related to These Products, September 4, 2025, and 2026 implementation regulations.
- Systematic reviews of stromal cell-based therapies in knee osteoarthritis, 2025-2026.
Written and medically reviewed by: Dr. Kerem Çağlayan
Last medical review: September 14, 2026
Warning: This content is general health information; the use of cellular products depends on current legislation, product and center authorizations, and indication conditions.
